FAQ

Armored vehicles are rated according to various ballistic standards, which define the level of protection they offer against different types of threats. The most commonly referenced standards include:

a.  NIJ (National Institute of Justice) Standards

• Level I: Protection against small caliber handguns like .22 LR, .380
• ACP.Level II-A: Protection against 9mm and .40 S&W handguns.
• Level II: Protection against 9mm and .357 Magnum handguns.
• Level III-A: Protection against high-velocity .44 Magnum, .357 SIG.
• Level III: Protection against rifles such as 7.62mm NATO (M80).
• Level IV: Protection against armor-piercing rifle rounds, including .30-06 AP.

b. EN 1063 (European Standard)

• BR1 to BR7: Levels corresponding to increasing threats, from .22 LR (BR1) to 7.62×51mm AP rounds (BR7).

c. VPAM (Association of Test Centers for Bullet Resistant Materials and Constructions)

• PM 2007: Classes 1 to 14, detailing protection against various handgun and rifle threats, including armor-piercing rounds.

d. STANAG (NATO Standardization Agreement)

• Levels 1 to 6: For military vehicles, covering threats from small arms to armor-piercing rounds and explosive devices.

Each level specifies the type of ammunition and the velocity at which it must be stopped.

Armored vehicles can be designed to appear inconspicuous to avoid drawing attention:

a. OEM Armoring

Manufacturers may produce armored versions of their vehicles that look identical to standard models. Examples include BMW Security Vehicles and Mercedes-Benz Guard.

b. Retrofit Armoring

Specialized companies can retrofit standard vehicles with armor while maintaining their original appearance. Techniques include:

• Invisible Armor: Utilizing materials like Dyneema, a lightweight ballistic composite, to reinforce panels without visibly altering the vehicle’s shape.
• Run-Flat Tires: Tires that can function even when deflated, crucial for maintaining mobility without looking different.
• Ballistic Glass: Windows that look like regular glass but offer protection against bullets and blasts.

c. Camouflage Strategies

Using non-reflective materials and custom paint jobs to blend the vehicle with common surroundings, avoiding overt signs of armoring such as thick windows or heavy-duty bumpers.

Armored vehicles often come with a range of additional features to enhance safety and functionality. These commonly include:

1. Run-Flat Tires: These tires allow the vehicle to continue driving even after being punctured, ensuring mobility and safety during emergencies.
2. Enhanced Suspension: To handle the added weight of the armor, vehicles typically have upgraded suspension systems for improved handling and stability.
3. Communication Systems: Advanced communication equipment, like encrypted radios and satellite phones, is frequently installed to maintain secure communication in critical situations.
4. Reinforced Door Hinges and Frames: These ensure the structural integrity of doors and prevent them from being easily breached.
5. Blast-Resistant Floors: Designed to protect occupants from explosions and mines.
6. Fire Suppression Systems: These systems automatically activate in the event of a fire to protect occupants.
7. Additional Battery Systems: These ensure that critical systems remain operational even if the primary battery fails.

Armored vehicles are constructed using various advanced materials to provide protection and durability, including:

1. Ballistic Steel: High-hardness steel that provides resistance against bullets and explosive blasts.
2. Composites: Lightweight, high-strength materials such as Kevlar or Dyneema are used to offer protection without significantly increasing the vehicle’s weight.
3. High-Strength Glass: Multi-layered, bullet-resistant glass often combined with polycarbonate to prevent shattering and spall.
4. Ceramic Materials: Used in combination with other materials to improve ballistic resistance.
5. Aramid Fibers: Such as Kevlar, these are often used for additional reinforcement.

Armored vehicles require more specialized maintenance compared to standard cars due to the additional weight and complexity of the armor and security features. Key maintenance concerns include:

1. Regular Inspection of Armor and Glass: The ballistic materials, including steel and glass, should be inspected regularly for any signs of damage or wear.
2. Enhanced Suspension Maintenance: The upgraded suspension system, designed to handle extra weight, requires frequent checks and possible adjustments or replacements.
3. Tire Maintenance: Run-flat tires need regular monitoring and may require specialized service.
4. Electrical and Communication Systems: Advanced communication and security systems need routine checks to ensure they are functioning correctly.
5. Brake System: Due to the added weight, the brake system may wear out faster and need more frequent servicing.

The warranty on the original vehicle often does not fully apply after armoring. Key implications include:

1. Void of Manufacturer’s Warranty: The vehicle manufacturer’s warranty might be voided because the modifications alter the original design and specifications.
2. Third-Party Warranty: Armoring companies may offer their own warranties to cover the armored parts and any modifications made.
3. Limited Coverage: Some components not affected by the armoring process might still be covered under the original warranty, but this varies by manufacturer.

Bulletproof cars are generally street legal, but there are some considerations and regulations to keep in mind:

1. Compliance with Local Laws: Vehicles must comply with local, state, and federal regulations regarding modifications and safety standards.
2. Weight Restrictions: Armored vehicles must adhere to weight limits for road use, which can affect legal operation depending on the vehicle’s modifications.
3. Registration and Insurance: Proper registration and insurance are required, and it may involve declaring the vehicle’s modifications to the relevant authorities and insurance providers.

Yes, civilians can purchase bulletproof cars for personal use. Key considerations include:

1. Availability: Several manufacturers and specialized companies offer bulletproof vehicles designed for civilian use.
2. Customization: Civilians can have their existing vehicles retrofitted with armor or buy new vehicles already equipped with ballistic protection.
3. Legal Requirements: Buyers must comply with local regulations regarding vehicle modifications and ensure the vehicle is legally registered and insured.

Armoring significantly affects a vehicle’s handling and performance due to the added weight and structural changes. Important factors include:

1. Increased Weight: The additional armor adds considerable weight, which can affect acceleration, braking, and fuel efficiency.
2. Handling and Stability: Enhanced suspension systems are often required to manage the increased weight, but the vehicle may still feel less nimble and more top-heavy.
3. Performance Modifications: To compensate for the added weight, performance enhancements such as more powerful engines or upgraded brake systems may be necessary to maintain drivability and ensure effective escape maneuvers in emergencies.